Friendships meaning around the world

Nuclear Proliferation Research Paper Example

Nuclear Proliferation Research Paper Example Nuclear Proliferation Paper Nuclear Proliferation Paper Nuclear weapons have not always been considered a problem in the United States. During WWII, which was a very long battle of evenly matched forces. Europe lay utterly devastated from continuous bombing, and the death toll was staggering. Pearl Harbor shocked the United States and crippled the Pacific Fleet. The success of the Manhattan Project and development of an atomic bomb was hardly seen as a problem. It was the answer to our prayers at the time, and brought a quick end to a world war. It catapulted the United States in a position of great power and out of a costly war; however, it also catapulted us into a Cold War. This is where these new weapons of unbelievable destruction become an issue to be dealt with. Nuclear weapons are a necessary weapon to remain a super power in todays international world. However there are many moral and practical issues with actually using these weapons. Morally, a countrys leadership must be willing to kill many civilians of the enemy. The bombs are so powerful they would take out entire cities, and it is impossible to perfectly aim them. There is no need to aim them carefully because there is no escaping their destruction. In addition, a decision to drop a bomb not only affects those alive now, but they punish that country for many years. Radiation hangs around and causes cancer and death for decades. Another moral dilemma that comes up is that there is no defense against a nuclear weapon. It takes the honor out of war and is almost unfair. A country must be willing to raise war to that next step in weaponry and scale, which is a huge moral dilemma. Generally speaking, nuclear bombs should result in a victory for the side that uses them. However there are many practical issues with using such weaponry. For one, the land you are using it on will be utterly worthless afterwards. It would be of no value to us, them, or anyone else. In addition, you must send your ground troops in to a secure an area where the air is poison. Once winning the war you must send more young men into radiation where they may day outside of combat. Also, using an atomic bomb may result in worse outcomes. It obviously means more death, but it may lead to other things. Other countries with nuclear weapons may get involved for instance. All these issues, practical and moral, must be considered before any decision about using a nuclear weapon is made. Nuclear weapons are a problem now because of many worries. For one, if other countries achieve nuclear technology, the threat of nuclear war increases. In addition, rogue nations or dictators with nuclear weapons are a scary and powerful threat to the entire world. Feuds between countries in the Middle East would jump to a whole new level with nuclear weapons are involved. Then allies and other countries get involved for personal interests and the situation spirals downward. The problem is it is hard to convince countries without the bomb to not get one when other countries continue to keep theirs. There are many different ideas on what United States policy should be with regards to nuclear proliferation. One theory is to negotiate with countries to have them not attain nuclear weapons. To some this is better than economic sanctions or using military force. This policy does allow for less chance of aggressive behavior between countries. A large benefit to negotiation is that it means less lives lost. However this policy has been shown in the past to not work. For example, under President Clintons administration they used a policy of negotiation with North Korea. North Korea demanded food and oil among other things, and in return they would not try to attain nuclear weapons. Unfortunately, they lied and did nothing they promised. Aside from the fact that it simply didnt work, negotiating with potential threats to America sets a very dangerous precedent. It tells the world that if you make demands of the United States they will agree to them to avoid war. It not only makes us a target for glorified pandering, but it also makes us look weak in the eyes of other countries. Another policy regarding nuclear proliferation is to keep as many as we can. This school of thought comes out of the idea of mutually assured destruction. The belief is that if we have so many nuclear weapons, no one will ever dare attack us. For if they dropped a bomb on us, while we may be devastated, we would in return destroy their country the same if not worse. This policy relies on the fact that peace will be kept due to absolute fear. It also encourages countries to deal with smaller issues diplomatically for fear of destruction, and what may happen if a war goes nuclear. In addition, high amounts of nukes means less troops. The sheer amount of our nuclear arsenal should be enough to scare anyone out of war; therefore, we would need less people to risk their lives in battle. Another benefit to having large numbers of nuclear weapons is that we can base them all over the country on land, in the sea, or in the air. This would prevent any enemies from being capable of destroying all our nuclear bombs. It allows the United States to have Second Strike Capability, which is an extremely important threat to have during a time of war. Enemies will not attack us do to fear of intense retaliation. An example of this policy in action occurred throughout the Cold War with the United States and Russia. The Bay of Pigs ended peacefully only because both leaders of both countries feared nuclear retaliation and destruction from each other. Although it worked with Russia and Cuba, the downfall to this policy is that everyone has a whole bunch of nuclear weapons. Although fear of retaliation is what keeps us safe, it is hard to believe that a world with less nuclear weaponry would be worse. Another policy, which is somewhat popular, is one of anti-proliferation, but not a completely nuclear free world. This is where the idea for the Non-Proliferation Treaty came from. The treaty stated that the big five countries would keep their nuclear weapons and eventually disarm. They would not be allowed to sell nuclear weapons to anyone. In addition, the treaty stated that the rest of the world would not be able to buy nuclear weapons, but they would be able to use nuclear technology for peaceful purposes. This is where the idea of UN weapons inspectors came from, so they could monitor that everything was being done for peaceful purposes. The benefit to having this treaty is that it stops the number of nukes in the world where it is. While it doesnt get rid of them, it finally puts a cap on them. Also, it was understood that the big five with nukes would protect the other, smaller countries from any threat of invasion if nuclear weapons were needed. The problem with this idea is that you must take everyones word that they wont make nuclear weapons. In addition, Israel, Pakistan, and India refused to sign the treaty. While this policy is a good idea, it relies too much on the good intentions of people. The ideas and theory sound great on paper, but realistically the treaty is in no way an answer to the problem of nuclear proliferation.

Successful democracy in th US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Successful democracy in th US - Essay Example The product of this tentative exercise is the Articles of Confederation which was submitted on July 12, 1776 to the Second Continental Congress. The three talking points it generated in Congressional sessions were â€Å"the apportionment of taxes according to population, the granting of one vote to each state, and the right of the federal government to dispose of public lands in the West†. (The Columbia Encyclopedia, 2009) So concerns for the development and establishment of democracy did not figure during initial discussions. At the same time, one could argue that the template for equal representation of all states is an indicator of impending installation of democratic practices. Through Articles 1 and 13 there is no explicit mention of democracy or egalitarian citizen representation. The Articles are born out of concerns of the ruling elite, who are exclusively White Anglo-Saxon Protestant males (WASPs); they were also propertied slave owners. In fact WASP domination of Ame rican political and business society continues even today, albeit in a weakened form, making incredulous the claim that the Articles served as a guide for democracy in the country.

Personal reading journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal reading journal - Essay Example The plot would not be comprehensible if we would not have been shown the distinct features of the characters in the story. The writers then proceed to let us know some real but fictional background of these creatures. That is to mean it exist in the history of the world but cannot be proven. Therefore, they play a key part in the relevance of the story. The characters I think must however be complimented by the dialogue for the story to make sense. Without the dialogue, we would not understand the actions of the characters. The actions are very important for they help us in making judgments about the characters. For instance, we would not appreciated the heroic effort of the humankind in fight with the zombie and ensure its continuity without the words (Max and Roberson, 98). In addition, the setting of the whole story is not a trivial matter. Actually, the setting gives the story a meaning and the reader an interest to read. In fact, it is what makes such a horrific book a comic. The relationships amongst these artistic tools are mutual and will always make a book a journal complete. For example, in the ‘Recorded Attack’ it is used to drive point home to the readers’ mind, sometimes without the reader realizing their formal use in fictional stories. In my opinion, this reveals how one can creatively interlink these minute devices to deliver a brilliant story. The movie ‘Night of the Living Dead’ is almost analogous to the story of Recorded Attacks. The characters are also the same but the setting and actions are not equal. Therefore, this makes a big difference in terms of defining the relationship between these artistic works. This is a horror movie by George Romero that, funnily enough, was originally, written as a comic book. The movie is about ‘ghouls’ or zombies that are affected by a certain substance that make them ‘undead’ (Romero, 2002). They equally affect healthy people leading to the wide

Customer care trainee report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Customer care trainee report - Essay Example On a simpler note, it is about delighting the customers so that they will continue doing business with the company. Customer service is also defined to be a sequence or even a cycle of activities designed to enhance the level of customer satisfaction which is the feeling that a service or a product has met the customer's expectation. Finally, for a customer, it is "a function of how well an organization is able to constantly and consistently exceed the needs of the customers." ("Making A Point of Good Customer Service") Maximizing profit by providing excellent quality service is necessary and crucial. Companies need to know the way to succeed from the combination of customer loyalty, efficiency, and revenue. For most successful firms, they put customers at the core of organization's business system making it the most important aspect for profit generation. What makes companies be at the top of the game at the market place is the commitment to achieving and exceeding customer satisfaction and their continuous self assessment on how well their products and services fulfill the needs and expectations of the clientele. In order to sustain the competition, these companies have to show vision, diligence, and passion to benefit the customers. As a result of this belief, successful firms continuously deliver superior value to customers, at times, regardless of the products conditions. For instance, one's products may appear to be obsolete compared to others; however, top businesses are still able to sell t hese goods because of their ability to build the products' value to the customers on a consistent and continuous basis. Value is created by explaining the benefits of the products or services, addressing concerns, queries, or problems, and uncovering the needs of customers. A company that can present greater advantages to a customer is the frontrunner at the business world. Companies lose so much when they ignore the customers' needs, do not show any distinctive competence or customer empathy. Many products remain to be unsold and even with excessive marketing efforts; it still cannot influence customers to avail of either the products or services. It further irks the customers when they feel that companies are only after their money through alluring advertisements and publicities, and nothing more. The skill to be able to deliver the value to your clients is through excellent verbal and non-verbal communication skills and active listening. There are simple rules on how to maintain exceptional quality customer service starting with learning how to listen. It is said that when customers have complaints, it is usually because of something. Companies need to accept complaints positively; first, as a chance to give more details about a concern, second, as a means to learn something. Through this, companies are given the opportunity to better their goods and services at the proposition of the customers. Interrupting a complaining client is never a good way to resolve issues; on the contrary this is the easiest way to drive them away. Remember that one unsatisfied customer tells about twenty people and a business cannot afford to lose clients simply because they cannot patiently listen to customers concerns or that they take things

Reflective Journal On Interpersonal Skills Nursing Essay

Reflective Journal On Interpersonal Skills Nursing Essay An effective management is about getting works or things done through people. It is the capability of a person to perform in the complexity of the organization as a restrained or subtle, insightful, incisive performer that determines the success as a manager. For a person to work in a group either as a member or a leader in order to achieve a common goal it is essential to be interdependent and interactive among the group. This interactive skill is also called as interpersonal skill, people skills, social skills which help to build the social competence level. Social competent people are those who possess these necessary skills to produce desired effects on other people in situations in terms of influencing someone to work harder, make a deal, make an effective negotiation, or support someone in a crisis situation. This is also a very important consideration in fields like management, social networking, education and relationships. It determines how we communicate with bosses, superi ors, subordinates, peers, family and everyone around us. Interpersonal skills can be learned; most people learn how to relate on the basis of experience, through unstructured and unintentional processes of trial and error. Sometimes this approach is successful but at times it can be ineffective and unreliable. This social skill set helps in influencing others which is very important when working in an organization at a managerial level and you need to influence your subordinates to work towards achieving a target or goal. Many people working in organizations experience problems when attempting to influence others. Sometimes the source of difficulty is perceived to be rooted in a particular relationship and sometimes it is experienced as a more general inability. People react to this perceived problem in different ways; some give up trying and accept the impossibility of introducing any significant change while some respond by trying harder and becoming aggressive. They devote more energy to influence others and achieving results but when t hings do not go their way it leads to frustrations. The most effective people however seem to be those who expect to experience resistance in their attempts to influence others, but still have a way around to get things done. I faced a similar situation when I started managing a team for the first time, which is described below. In my previous employment, I got promoted to a Managerial role and became the clearing In-charge handling a team of 8 members. This department handled high transaction volumes and cheque clearance on a daily basis. It was the first time that these staffs reported me directly on any clearing matter. Overall it was a very new experience for me to perform as a manager. First I allotted individual job roles to everyone so that each one of them could focus on the required part and complete it accurately within the given timeframe. It was very important that all of my team members including me worked cohesively to deliver the task efficiently. Despite of clear work allocation and proper supervision of work; we still strive hard to do fire fighting in meeting deadlines and there was huge pressure on the team. In due course, I realized that this was primarily because I had not considered the teams inputs when doing the work allocation, and as such many people in the team were unhappy with th eir work. Post realizing this I corrected this, got the teams feedback and did reallocation of work. Although not everyone was still happy, I built a reputation for being considerate and listening to the team, which increased the motivation levels and helped in improving our teams productivity This chapter taught me that self awareness is closely linked to the ability to read the behavior of others, construct course of action and deliver an effective performance. People who have a high level of self awareness understand how their own values, beliefs and subjective theories influence what they see and do. In order to raise the awareness of how theories in use influence the way interaction with others can be managed, it is essential to observe own self of action. This can be possibly done by reflecting on patterns of past behavior and monitoring it. It is also important to be open and responsive to others feedback. In my previous company where I worked as a bank officer, I faced many situations where it was important to have a strong interpersonal skill. As a front office executive I was supposed to directly deal with the customers, understand their needs, and give them quality service. Many a times, I came across very demanding people who are tough to please. There was an instance when a very high net worth customer holding a priority account with our bank wanted to close the account because of some transaction issues. Apart from that he was very disappointed by my colleagues behavior, so with an angry attitude he came to my desk and asked to close the account. At that time I had two options, one was to close his account or try to pacify the customer and retain the account. I handled the case very effectively; offered him a cup of coffee, listened to him properly, understood his requirements, and gave him the solution. He was so happy with my attitude that he changed his decision and continued banking with us. The concept of micro skill approach to develop interpersonal competency gave me a clear picture of the steps to be followed in building the interpersonal relationships like accenting, following, listening, helping and negotiating. Utilizing these ideas which I learned from this chapter, I can further develop on my skills to strengthen it and implement in future for building stronger interpersonal relationships and use it in face to face encounters to arrange my behavior so that it is in line with the objectives. Summary of critical incident During our first tutorial we were asked to select our team members and form a group. The tutorial had 30 students from different nationalities and is designed to give the students an opportunity to interact with classmates from different places, know their culture and exchange values. I was very keen to be in a mixed culture group so that I can utilize this opportunity and learn of different cultures. But unfortunately no one was willing to include me in their group. Everyone was comfortable in making a group with people from their own nationalities. I tried to do likewise and asked an Indian group to include me. They refused saying that they are already a big team of 5 members. I felt sad wondering why none of my team mate wanted to consider me in their group. Later three members joined the tutorial and I teamed up with them, but still kept wondering about what happened. I realized that maybe since I did not socialize with people, they did not know anything about me and hence prefer red to include known people. Thereafter I voluntarily stood up, introduced myself, and started socializing with my classmates. The ability to work effectively within a group either as a leader or member requires good interpersonal skill. As my other friends were speaking various languages, I found it difficult to fit into their discussion which is known as cross cultural communication barrier. Some of my classmates had difficulty communicating in English and therefore were shy in discussing with me. But I made them comfortable by listening to them for long hours, understanding them, helping them in clearing their doubts. I tried to determine my strengths and weaknesses from the competency tests that I have appeared previously. Reflecting the findings of my chosen self analysis toolkit The psychometric test results indicate that I have a very lively social manner which I can leverage to build a good working atmosphere and to support others in developing their own ideas. I can easily integrate into a team, both as a leader as well as a member. The Worlds personality test defines me as performer with ESPF style which means I am sociable, optimistic and open to others. However my personality trait is authoritative and indicates that I like to have autonomous-decision making. I am good at arguing rather than convincingly and prefer to actively influence my group members. This functioning style may not fit in all situations; in case of my tutorial groups, I should not try to dominate and have my own way of independent decision making. This would portray me as an arrogant person; rather I should try to have more interactive session which allows equal opportunities to all to participate in discussions. This will encourage team spirit and I can still continue to motivate t hem as and when required. Implications for future career or personal development Post completing MBA, I intend to rejoin the banking industry and hence it is important that I improve my interpersonal skills which will enable me have an effective communication. This will be required for both professional as well as my personal development. The test result emphasized my core strengths as confident, sociable, organized while my weaknesses is that I deliberately follow my own convictions therefore find problems in predefined objectives which contradicts my viewpoint. I realize I need to leverage my strengths and work on my weaknesses to build a better personality. Summary of critical incident II I would like to share another incident from my tutorial activity related to decision making skills. One of our tutorial activities required us to analyze a case study in which we had to put ourselves in the shoes of a train driver and had to decide on which rail track to choose in a difficult situation. There were two rail routes; a running track in working condition and an unused track closed for some unknown reasons. At a distance ahead there were 10 children playing around; 9 of them were playing in the used rail track and only 1 child was playing in the unused route. At that time the train approaches, and we as the driver of that train had to decide on which track to take. This was indeed a tough decision as the lives of small children were at stake. I analyzed from 2 different aspects; considering the emotional value perhaps it was better to divert the train in the unused route so that 9 children can be saved. But logically, it did not seem appropriate; taking the unused track m ay cause derailment, which in turn would put the lives of thousands of passenger in danger. Therefore as the driver my decision would have been to take the used track and not put the lives of all passengers at stake. We had some interesting discussions in the class; with few people sharing the same thoughts as mine, while others argued that it does not make sense for killing 9 children over 1, they believed our conscience would never allow that. Another classmate gave a very different opinion saying that it is better to run the train towards the 9 children so that they will learn a lesson and never repeat this again to which Frankie, our tutor laughed and said, Will they realize after their death that they shouldnt play in such dangerous place? Finally the correct decision should have been taking the used track as the 9 children would be used to trains approaching on that track and hence would move out on time. However this analysis helped us in determining the emotional intelligenc e factor and we realized that as future leaders we may have to decide between things which may have contrary emotional and logical values. Reflecting the findings of my chosen self analysis toolkit The Jungs typology test indicated that I am a logical and well organized person. But it also says that I decide more based on feeling rather than thinking. This indicates that I am an emotional person and mostly I take decisions based on how I perceive things. Decision making capabilities based on situations sometimes require us to see whether the judgment benefits a larger mass or not. In such cases emotional values have to be controlled. My weakness is my inability to control my emotions at times, especially in stressful situations. Further from the Johari Window test, I found that my friends perceive me as indecisive. I respect this feedback and believe that my emotional quotient many a times makes me indecisive. Therefore I need to improve decision making abilities in order to become a successful manager in future. Implications for future career or personal development As I intend to return to the banking Job and continue my career as a Manager, I realize I need to leverage my strengths and work on my weaknesses. As a manager, I would be required to take tough decisions on the spot. I need to learn to show more maturity in dealing such situations and therefore I need to develop my reasoning skills, control my emotions and thereby improve my decision making abilities.

Zuni Indian Mythology :: essays research papers

Hundreds of years ago the Zuni people created and told stories of human and world creations, tales of love and lust, and just about anything "that gave people an explanation for something they could not understand" (Gaarder 25). They made up all these legends or myths before there was anything called science. The stories came from the heart and soul of these native people. Legends are not just silly stories that were told for amusement they are like magic lenses, they allow us to have a glimpse of social orders and the daily life of how the Indians interpreted things long ago. One legend of the Zuni tribe tells the tale of the sun and the moon and how these two heavenly bodies came into being. The legend is called "Coyote Steals the Sun and Moon." The story begins when an out of luck Coyote can never seem to kill anything. He watches Eagle catch rabbit after rabbit with all the ease. He decides to go to Eagle with a proposition. Coyote told Eagle that they should hunt together, Eagle accepts, so they begin to hunt in partnership. Still all Coyote catches is just a couple of grubs, while Eagle is far ahead with many rabbits. At the time the world was still dark, the sun and moon had not been placed into the sky yet. So coyote blamed his hunting problems on the fact that he could not see and eagle if he knew where they could find light. Eagle was not really sure, but he figured it was somewhere on the west. So they set out to find it. They soon came to the Kachinas' village, where the villagers were busily going all out in their sacred dances. The Kachinas invited Coyote and Eagle to rest and have a bite to eat while they continued to dance. Eagle observed the people and could sense all the power they bestowed within. He began to wonder if they were the ones who had control of the light. Coyote pointed to two boxes, a large one and a small one. They noticed that when the people wanted light they opened the lids of the boxes. In the smaller box was the moon, it contained little light. In the larger one was the sun and it gave off a lot of light. Coyote told Eagle that they should go and steal the big box. So when all the Kachinas went home to sleep, Eagle put both the sun and the moon into one box and flew off. After a while Coyote wanted to carry the box

History of English Language Essay

English language, like many elements in the history, has gone many transformations for nothing is permanent in this world. There are many contributing factors that played in its development as what it is now including different influences brought to it by merging of cultures and sometimes war. English language also differs depending on the culture of one’s country, since not only one country is using this as their official language but many of them; and, each has gone some modification that represents their culture. In this global period, English language is considered as the world’s official language through which, all countries are united heading towards future economic progress and common understanding of all people in the whole world. Through this also, war is avoided, common goals are set for the good of all, and poor countries are taken into account by international organization. English language then as widely accepted fact, is the lingua franca of the world and the language of economics. English language, since it is replacing other previously dominant languages of the world such as French and Spanish, is taught in almost schools in all countries from Pre-elementary courses to college courses. Through this emerging trend, many students from affluent countries avail themselves of western education which they consider as an advantage in their career. Some would even take English lessons in other countries to acquire fluency and competency. The reason behind is that, English is the only means to communicate with all the people of the world wherever you are or what ever country you may be. Thus, international communication is now possible regardless of which country you come from as long as you know even just the basic and as their languages unite their understanding of their culture is strengthened. Development of Old English Language Old English language had been developed through many components with its origin from the history. Although, many historians believed and developed the hypothesis that English language and other languages in many parts of Europe were identical because of evidences of similarities of many words. Aside from that, it was also believed that Sanskrit, the old language of India which was much older than Greek or German, had preserved common features with that of Old English language (Baugh & Cable, p. 18). It is easy therefore to presume that English is a by-product of the development of many languages in Europe which had only one origin. The Arrival of Celts in Britain English language was known as the language of English people, however, it was not the language spoken by earliest settlers of the lands; historians believed that many races had come and their languages were not known and recorded in the history until the arrival of the Celts which had the trace of Old English language, and began the history of its development. The Celts were bronze and iron-age inhabitants and when they reached Britain they pushed the earlier settlers into the remote corners of the nation through their mighty weapons. According to history, they arrived around 500 BC with language known for being the first Indo-European tongue to be spoken in Britain. Celts and Celtic language as they say had very little contribution in the Old English, as they tried to trace some of those words. However, scholars believed that they influenced the grammatical structure of the language (Baugh & Cable, p. 82-83). At this far-flung advancement of English, many of those languages are no longer traced; though, it is believed to be the first among the contributors of the English language development, however, its influence is no longer recognized today. Anglo-Saxon Settlements In the beginning, Old English was an assortment of group of dialect languages, reflecting the diverse beginning of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms of England. Anglo-Saxon was a group of different races with the Germanic people as the dominant among them who arrived in Britain during the 5th and 6th AD upon the invitation of the King of Briton to help them against Roman invaders. This group had acquired influences of the Latin culture including language that after the collapse of Roman Empire in their country arrived in Britain to find settlement also. According to Barbara Fennell, there was no written record about language use in Britain before the Anglo-Saxon invasion (Fennell, p. 55). There were indications that England was inhabited for thousands of years prior to Anglo-Saxon invasion, with its known early inhabitants as the Celts or Scotts. The Romans did not have much linguistic contribution on the linguistics development, but the collapsed of the Empire paved the way for the settlement of Anglo-Saxon. The native Britons were either pushed into isolated and farthest areas or they adapted the Anglo-Saxon’s way of life. The Angli was actually a Germanic tribe which has been in Britain a couple of centuries prior to Roman invasion. These Anglo-Saxon spoke Germanic dialect which had some similarities with the original settlers, the Celts which eventually blended with them. Thus, Germanic tribes began arriving and settling in Kent. Not long when the Germans formed a kingdom known in history as the Anglo-Saxon heptarchy. As these German tribes struggled for superiority, Kent, the main settlement, emerged as the dominating tribe which claimed sovereignty over all the kingdoms of the South. Barbara Fennel pointed out that they dominated largely because of the influence of centers of learning at Linchfarne. Subsequently, the kingdom was passed from King Egbert down to his grandson Alfred the Great, and on to King Edward the Confessor who became Rex Anglorum, which means King of the English in 1026 BC (Fennel, p. 57). The merging of Anglo-Saxon and Celtics had come to be known as the English people, and their language as the English language. The Scandinavian Influence Of course, there had been more developments and significant contribution towards the linguistic development of the English language. But, ultimately, invasions and settlements had been the major factors for this development. The invasion of the Romans and the collapse of the Empire lay the ground for the settlement of Anglo-Saxon, while the influx of more Germanic tribesmen overlay the founding of a new nation. In 787 to 850 AD, a new invasion and settlement had taken place; the Scandinavian under King Guthrum invaded Britain which was under King Alfred. As the Danes were defeated by King Alfred, they withdrew from King Alfred’s territory but remained in Britain. Eventually, he accepted Christianity and was baptized. The settlement of these people in England not only involved political and linguistic assimilation but also culture and religion which are essential in the development of language. The succeeding political assimilation that follows after the Scandinavian invasion as well as the intermarriages of political rulers had been instrumental in Anglo-Saxon – Celtic people to be identified as an English people. Fennell said that King Henry’s successor Richard II, was renowned as the lion’s heart â€Å"†¦who spoke little or no English at all, and spent only six months in total on English soil† (p. 57). Fennel’s emphasis on â€Å"speaking English and spending six months on English soil† meant two things, the beginning of the English language and of the English country. The Linguistic Development during the Middle Ages Middle Ages had been a very significant in the development of English languages after its assimilation during the merging of Anglo-Saxon and Celts. This period gave way to the advancement of the language in terms of words incorporation from other native languages specifically the Northern European and some Germanic tribes. This was also significant in the expansion of the language in its grammatical structure. Change in the Inflectional Endings Inflectional endings are unstressed syllables at the ends of words of most of Old English language such as –en in drunken. The decay of inflectional endings was attributed to the influence of Vikings in their language and at the same time, the Germanic language has a stress on the first syllable and not on endings. Some of those endings that were omitted were -a, -e, -u and –an, which had been evenly reduced to -e, (pronounced ). Another alteration involved the loss of final -n after -e in unstressed syllables. For example, drinken, from Old English drincan â€Å"to drink,† became first of all drinke and then drink (Baugh and Cable, 1993, p. 155). Fennel had also observed these significant changes in the English language. She pointed out that the â€Å"development of more fixed words order and the loss of inflections† (p. 97), characterizes the Middle English. Further, she observed slight consonantal changes in such that certain voiced consonants became voiceless and other voiceless consonants became voiced (p. 97). The Noun and Adjectives Old English is also typified in terms of infection wherein they add letters to the end of the word to signify another meaning either from singular to plural or gender differences. For instance, the singular stan, stanes and stane having its plural form of stanas, stana and stanum; which according to Baugh and Cable, reduced to stan, stanes and stane. These changes have been observed in the Modern English. Old English was seen as having similarity with the Latin grammar which was more inflected. To note, Old English had four cases: the nominative, accusative, genitive and dative cases that are emphasized by adding letter/s at the end of the word. For example, the singular neuter had an ending –a, feminine had –o, masculine had –n. On the other hand, Latin had six cases such as nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative and ablative. This development in English language was obviously an influence of Roman in their language. Throughout the development process, especially coming into the Middle Ages, English language had survived its –s plural form and the weak –n form become infrequent as in the case of oxen, brethren, children and oxen. Verb Form The Middle English had a grammatical rule similar to the Modern English. In general, the first person singular of the Middle English present tense verbs end in –e, the second person had –est, while the third person had –eb. This is applied to strong verb, while in weak verbs, word endings used are –ed(e), -d(e), or –t(e). It was also usual in the Middle English the Object -Verb sequence whereas the Modern English follows the Verb-Object pattern; for example : then fell he down, which is contrast with today’s grammar structure as then he fell down. (Fischer, p. 180-181) The infinitive –to was also usual in Middle English which was later replaced by that. For instance, He commanded them that they should tie him up. (Fischer, p. 211)

Essay Sample on Don Quixote A Hero or Not

Essay Sample on Don Quixote A Hero or Not The Webster Dictionary defines a hero as a person that is courageous and performs noble deeds. Many people would argue that Don Quixote falls under the category of being a hero because of the fine line that is drawn with Webster’s definition. Unfortunately, some close examination of the text will show that he really isn’t a hero. Part of Webster’s definition for a hero states that the person must be courageous and takes courageous actions. Don Quixote definitely does take many courageous actions. One of these examples would be when he attacks the windmills. This is definitely a courageous act. He could have easily been hurt or even killed. Many people would say that this would show his heroics. He also shows his courage when he decides that he wants to fight the lions. Anyone that would want to try and fight a lion most definitely has courage. Luckily for Don Quixote, the lion did not want to fight, but rather wanted to rest. Once again Don Quixote showed his courageous side however. At the end of the story, Don Quixote decides to try and defeat the Knight of the White Moon to show his heroics. He is very courageous for doing this because at his older age, one blow could do very much damage and it does, as we all know. Anyone that would ride a horse and take a chance of getting hit with a lance has som e serious courage. With all these examples of courage, one automatically will think that Don Quixote is a hero. This is not true, however. By calling Don Quixote a hero, many people are just using the first part of Webster’s definition. The whole definition must be fit before we can call Don Quixote a hero. The whole definition reads that one must be courageous and also perform noble deeds. The second part of the definition is very important when it comes to Don Quixote. Many of his deeds are not noble at all. In fact, many of them are the exact opposite. When we look at the same examples as used earlier, it is very clear that Don Quixote’s actions have little nobility in them. The first example was when he attacked the windmills, thinking they were giants. Yes, it is courageous, but there is absolutely no noble deed in this action. It is more of a fine line of stupidity than it is heroism. The next example was when Don Quixote wanted to duke it out with the lion. Once again, he felt he w as being noble to the King by doing so but this was not the case. First of all, the King probably would not have appreciated hearing that one of his lions was slain. Second of all, by requesting that the cage must be opened, Don Quixote was putting many peoples’ lives at risk for no appropriate reason. Finally, his duel with the Knight of the White Moon was not noble either. He had no reason to fight him, and if he would have won, it was for nothing. He didn’t save anyone or anything noble like that. He was flirting with a fine line of stupidity once again. As can be seen, the definition hero does not apply to Don Quixote’s actions. In order for Don Quixote to be a hero, he must fulfill the entire definition of the word instead of just part of it. People should refer to Don Quixote as â€Å"The Adventurer† rather than a hero.

Hide Your Children, For The Boogeyman Is Real Professor Ramos Blog

Hide Your Children, For The Boogeyman Is Real The Boogey Man. The Brooklyn Vampire. The Werewolf of Wysteria. The Gray Man. All of these spooky monster names are alias’ of one twisted, perverted, sadomasochistic serial killer and cannibal: Albert Fish.   This evil man haunted the nightmares of all parents in the New York area during the early 20th century. His crimes were chillingly well-calculated, and unthinkable. His actions are remembered as some of the most disturbing and atrocious acts in history. What drives a person to commit the most heinous of crimes? What is driving their actions? Do they not have morals? Or, have they only tapped in to the darker side of human nature, that is present in more people than we realize? When we examine the life of Albert Fish, we see a vast range of causes that lead him to be the monster that he was. According to Juan Blanco’s Murderpedia, among eighteen found perversions was pedophilia, coprophilia, urophilia, and masochism. Upon closer examination, we find that Albert Fi sh was not only a psychopath, but a delusional religious maniac. These contributing factors helped create the disgusting monster that is, The Gray Man.                The infamously vile letter (left) sent to the parents of 10 year old Grace Budd (right) following her disappearance in 1935. Albert Fish’s span of terror lasted approximately 50 years- with his mayhem coming to a head in 1935 after the murder of 10-year-old Grace Budd, and the confession letter that went down in history as the vilest confession ever written. Artist Jole Cole, as interviewed in the film Albert Fish: In Sin He Found Salvation, considers this letter the magna carta of crime artifacts and the most tragic and painful document by a monster ever in print. He goes on to say that this letter conjures up so many amazing and frightening feelings within the subconscious. The letter in question was sent to the parents of the victim anonymously some seven years after her initial disappearance. In the revolting letter, he recalls how he visited their house to answer an ad that her older brother had posted about looking for summer work. Originally, he had planned to take her brother, but Grace’s boyish looks and tomboyish demeanor attracted him. Also in the letter, he replays how he got thei r permission to take her to a party. The letter then takes an even darker turn, as he states â€Å"I took her to an empty house in Westchester I had already picked out. When we got there, I told her to remain outside. She picked wildflowers. I went upstairs and stripped all my clothes off. I knew if I did not I would get her blood on them. When all was ready I went to the window and called her†¦.I grabbed her and she said she would tell her mamma†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦How she did kick, bite and scratch. I choked her to death, then cut her in small pieces so I could take my meat to my rooms. Cook and eat it†¦.It took me 9 days to eat her entire body†¦she died a virgin†. Earlier in the letter, he claims that prior to Grace’s murder, he had met a friend named Captain John Davis, travelling from Hong Kong who told him of how delicious the meat of children was. Due to a famine in China at the time, children under the age of 12 (supposedly) were sold for meat. I would infer that his interaction with John Davis was a sufficient cause in his cannibalism, as his experiences inspired Fish to take his sadomasochistic tendencies to a whole new level. A mugshot of a younger Albert Fish (1903, Grand Larceny) Albert Fish was born Hamilton Howard Fish, on May 19th 1870 in Washington D.C. Juan Blanco notes in his article on Murderpedia, that after being teased and ridiculed growing up as â€Å"Ham and Eggs†, he changed his name to Albert. When Fish was a young child his father, who was 43 years older than his mother, died suddenly of a heart attack. His mother then put him into an orphanage where he was beaten and whipped, which lead to some of his unusual behaviors later in life. The orphanage was where he first discovered that he enjoyed pain and seeing others in pain. He would again be teased, but this time for becoming aroused at the sight of other boys having pain inflicted upon him. This discovery of sexual pleasure lead to his first homosexual encounters at a very young age. After all this exposure to abuse, sex, and strange perversions, Albert became a prostitute. He engaged in bizarre sexual activities with both males and females, including oral perversions on partnersâ€⠄¢ rectums, and urophilia. This dysfunctional childhood, and disturbing events at such an impressionable age would be sufficient causes to the later terrors that Albert Fish inflicted on young boys, and young girls. Aside from outward and physical events in Albert’s life, he was also battling severe insanity and delusions of religious grandeur. Katherine Ramslad PhD., the author of The Human Predator, states that Albert Fish is what we today would categorize as a psychopath; meaning he was intelligent enough to know what he needed to do to elude the law. He used the rouse of being a kind old man, and knew how to manipulate and exploit a situation to get what he wanted. He developed a persona to allow him to move easily among people- someone no one would suspect. In addition, psychiatrist Dr. Frederick Wertham- the only one to perform an in depth analysis of his twisted mind after his capture, said about first meeting Fish: â€Å"He looked like a meek and innocuous man, little and benevolent. Friendly and polite. If you wanted someone to entrust your children to, he would be the one you would choose.† This speaks volumes to the manipulative and psychotic manner of this killer. He co uld get away with his crimes because his twisted mind was intelligent and complex. Intelligent? Yes. Sane? Absolutely not. Not only was Fish a psychopath, he was also a religious fanatic. Albert Fish’s life was synonymous with religion. He said grace at every meal, and knew all of the books of the bible. As a painter, he was even contracted to paint the angels on the ceiling of a church. He took special likings to religious figures such as St. Sebastian- who was shot full of arrows, St. Peter- who was crucified upside down, and John the Baptist- who was beheaded. These figures made dark impressions on Albert’s already twisted psyche. Albert Fish embodied the pathology that there was something beautiful and Godly about suffering. He thus followed the word of God without conscious of compassion- which was clearly very dangerous to others. In reference to the murder of Grace Budd, Fish said â€Å"This child would eventually be outraged and tortured and so forth†¦and that I could sacrifice her to prevent her future outrage†¦she could be saved in that way.† He genuinely believed that if what he was doing was wrong, an angel would have stopped him as an angel stopped Abraham in the bible, and that by mutilating this innocent child he was creating a martyr. Although the sacrifice gave him a sense of well being and satisfaction, he simultaneously gained erotic pleasures from the act. Cutting her up and consuming her, or drinking her blood as he did with other victims, provided him with a God-like entity. We normal human beings call these actions cannibalism and vampirism. Sacrifice and punishment were pleasurable experiences for him- so much so that he inflicted similar suffering upon himself. Fish used self-torture to cleanse himself of sin. His methods included shoving alcohol-soaked cotton balls up his rectum and lighting them on fire, and shoving some 28 needles into his abdomen (some remained there for up to 7 years). He clearly had a distorted vision of right and wrong, in addition to religious psychosis, which I would go ahead and say were necessary causes for him to commit the atrocities that he committed. Albert Fish is identifiable with thesis four of Jeffrey Cohen’s Monster Culture, The Monster Dwells at the Gates of Difference. In this thesis, Cohen describes monsters as a difference made flesh, come to dwell among us. There is no question that Albert Fish embodies this description. By no means is Fish a normal human, by regular or socially acceptable standards.   The difference in this monster is not only cultural, but sexual as well. He is a savage oddity, who knows no bounds and refuses to stay within the common constraints of the human race. He was an incurable and irreformable monster, with a skewed moral compass, and perverted view of acceptable behaviors. Before Albert Fish, his actions were ideas and possibilities not yet conceived by the American people. His methods were the opposite of traditional; they were different in the most atrocious and despicable ways. They redefined what a human being was capable of, and forever changed the way we as a society perceive t hings. Albert Fish in the electrocution chair at Sing Sing Prison in New York, Jan. 16th, 1936. Albert Fish roamed for fifty years, before he was captured and later executed, leaving a trail of devastation in his victims of molestation and murder. The damage he caused has been grounds for nightmares in parents and children alike, and will remain present for future generations. Although only convicted for five murders, it is believed by psychiatrists such as Dr. Wertham that he had murdered up to 15 children and potentially molested near 100 children. The horrific and gruesome crimes of this monstrous and despicable man will go down in history as some of the most foul acts ever committed by one human on another, and on children specifically. The actions of Albert Fish are nauseating, disturbing, and downright monstrous. There are so many shocking stories that involve this monster, and in this paper I have barely scratched the surface. A life of disfunction, torment, and trauma paired with insanity and religious mania lead this man to be the awful human he was. I have read about many serial killers and other criminals, and none of them have made me feel the level of disgust I have felt for Albert Fish. Ironically, this man who so devoutly served his God will rot in the depths of Hell for all eternity- provided you believe in that sort of thing. Annotated Bibliography Cohen, J Jeffrey. â€Å"Monster Culture (Seven Thesis) Monster Theory: Reading Culture, 1996 pp. 3-20. I will be using this to classify Albert Fish, my monster of choice, as a monster by these set standards. I will be utilizing theses 2, 3, and 5 specifically in making my argument. This is a scholarly source for my paper, as Cohen is a reliable source of information. Schechter, Harold, and David Everitt. The A to Z Encyclopedia of Serial Killers. Pocket, 2006. This book provides a brief introduction to my selected monster. I will use it to inspire my own words about him in my paper. This is a credible source because it is an encyclopedia and the authors are reliable. Blanco, Juan Ignacio. â€Å"Albert Fish/ Murderpedia, the Encyclopedia of Murderers.† Murderpedia.org/male.F/f/fish-albert.htm. This page provides me with a ton of information on Fish. It goes into detail of his early life, his crimes, and the way he is classified and seen in modern day times. I will use this extensively in my paper to research him and analyze why he did what he did. This is a credible source of information because it is a form of the encyclopedia, is fact checked, and has excerpts from legitimate hearings and interviews. John Borowski, et al. Albert Fish: In Sin He Found Salvation. Waterfront Productions, 2007. This will be a primary source for my paper. It is a documentary on my chosen monster, and I will use it to inspire my writing and inform me of his crimes. This film goes into disturbing detail, and will thoroughly educate me on the life of Albert Fish. Johnson, Bradley R, and Judith V Becker. â€Å"Natural Born Killers? The Development of the Sexually Sadistic Serial Killer.† J Am Acad Psychiatry Law, vol. 25, no. 3, 1997. Pp. 335-347., pdfs.semanticsscholar.org/095d/8b137d396f9b7debb227f2484922a7e0b4ad.pdf. This is a journal that takes a look at the psychology behind sexually sadistic serial killers- which Albert Fish is considered. It analyzes their twisted minds, and provides cases that I will relate to my own subject. This is a credible and scholarly source of information because the authors are MD and PhD.

Helens Trading Card Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Helens Trading Card Company - Case Study Example We will examine the role that a Systems Development Methodology and its associated System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) will play in designing an information system for Helen's company. To have insight into the background, I will portray it briefly. Helen started off her company when an online trading card company asked her to buy and sell its cards for it. Initially, we can say that it was very small scale because before that, she would only buy trading cards for her son. Soon afterwards, she started her own company and became an authorized trader. This meant that now she now had more information to manage and use. Her company must have been small because trading cards is not a large-scale business as it is. But she still had information to manage hence she needed a system that would help her deal with all this information about her stakeholders. This, indeed, would be an Information System. Helen has a few requirements for which she needs an information system. According to these requirements, a Systems Development Methodology and its associated model, the JAD model, in our case will be used to develop this information system. Helen needs a system that will enable her to store details about the individual trading cards which she has for sale, as well as packs of structure decks, and games mats, etc. She needs a system that will store information about her received orders. ... Why are we discussing her requirements It is important to understand these requirements as the first step towards developing a system, using any model of the Systems Development Methodology. If we fail to understand the requirements, we will certainly fail to provide her what she wants and then no matter, what model or methodology is used, the system will fail (Pressman, R.S., 2005). Information System - What is it An Information System is a framework or a structure of any sort that would enable and facilitate Helen to process her data and manage her information. There are many different kinds of systems that keep changing as technology grows (Betts, G., 2007). She has so much information about the companies that she buys from, the customers that she sells to, the orders that she receives and the products that she makes. It will much simpler for us if we break down all these requirements and view them in isolation. First of all, Helen needs to deal with the information regarding her suppliers. A supplier could be any company or person which Helen purchases cards from. Helen wants to store information about what she has bought, who she bought it from and how much she paid for it. According to most analysts, her requirements fit perfectly with a Supply Chain Management System. She will be able to handle her suppliers effectively with this. But if she is handling only her suppliers, where does her customer and order management fit For this, she could invest in a Customer Relationship Management System. This way she can understand her customers, give them value and retain profitable ones. Those who are not profitable can be studied

Argentinas Foreign Debt Restructuring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Argentinas Foreign Debt Restructuring - Essay Example This paper envisages analyzing the causes and effects of the actions of the political leaders that left to this situation and the circumstances under which the various classes of creditors of the country were forced to accept the proposals put forth by the Argentine president for the settlement of the outstanding debts of the country. It is important to understand the extent, scope, and coverage of the definitions of the foreign debt and domestic debt before a meaningful financial analysis of the restructuring of the foreign debt by the country Argentina may be undertaken. According to an economic definition, â€Å"foreign debt is only the debt by non-residents, regardless of whether the debt is in local or foreign currency, whether it is issued at home or abroad. Conversely, domestic debt is debt by residents regardless of whether the debt is in local or foreign currency, whether it is issued at home or abroad. So a Brady held by an Argentine resident is domestic debt while a Let's held by a foreign investor is foreign debt.† It is to be understood that the economic definitions of foreign debt and domestic debt are different from the legal definition as had been adopted by the Argentine government for the purposes of undertaking the restructuring of both the domestic and foreign debts. The domestic debt is defined as debt issued according to Argentine law, regardless of whether it is in local or foreign currency and regardless of who, foreign or domestic resident, is holding these claims. Conversely, the â€Å"legal† definition of foreign debt is debt issued according to foreign (New York, UK, et cetera) law, regardless of whether it is in local or foreign currency and regardless of who, foreign or domestic resident, is holding these claims.†The point to consider was that was there a possibility that the host of factors that facilitate the litigation would disrupt the orderly process of debt restructuring undertaken by Argentina. Without committing a technical default Argentina would be going ahead with the process of structuring and even if some creditors hold out and start litigating, the litigation would take several years for coming to a close. Even if the litigation is started it is not going to hamper the process of the debt restructuring by Argentina.